In this project, design an efficient hybrid adder that combines the ladnerfischer adder with a ripple carry adder. Adder and multiplier design in quantumdot cellular automata. Design and analysis of adder and multipliers for quantum dot. Design and implementation of an efficient single layer. New symmetric and planar designs of reversible full. Quantum dot cellular automata visit physics tomorrow webpage references. Section simulation and comparison results compares the proposed architectures to other qca architectures. Other operations such as subtraction, multiplication and division are usually implemented by adders. Design of efficient full adder in quantum dot cellular automata bibhashsen, 1 ayushrajoria, 1 andbiplabk. The fundamental device, a quantum dot cell, can be used to make gates, wires, and memories. An efficient quantumdot cellular automata fulladder. This article describes the design of adder units on quantumdot cellular automata qca nanotechnology, which promises very dense circuits and high operating frequencies, using a single. Binary adders on quantumdot cellular automata springerlink. Research article two novel quantumdot cellular automata full.
Quantum dot cellular automata are a proposed improvement on conventional computer design. An efficient design of dct approximation based on quantum dot. Performance evaluation of controlled inverter using quantum dot cellular automata qca. Its advantages such as faster speed, smaller size, and lower power consumption are very attractive. Quantum dot cellular automata qca technology has attracted attention as one of the best forms of alternative nanoscale cmos technology. An efficient adder can be of great assistance in designing arithmetic circuits. Design of efficient full adder in quantumdot cellular. Quantum dot cellular automata is projected as an emerging nanotechnology to build ics as an alternative of. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is an emerging nanotechnology that provides faster speed, smaller size and lower power consumption compared to the current transistorbased technology. Novel efcient adder circuits for quantumdot cellular.
Performance evaluation of efficient xor structures in quantum dot cellular automata qca. The proposed designs can be effectively used to realize more complex circuits. The fundamental logical element of a quantumdot cellular automata qca circuit is majority voter gate mv. Quantum dotcellular automata qca which can work on nanoscale is one of the solutions. This research monograph focuses on the design of arithmetic circuits in quantum dot cellular automata qca. Binary adder using more efficient area and time optimized. Implementation of 4x4 vedic multiplier using carry save. One of the important issues in qca technology is designing faulttolerant digital circuits. Performance comparison of quantumdot cellular automata adders abstract. This article describes the design of adder units on quantumdot cellular automata qca nanotechnology, which promises very dense circuits and high operating frequencies, using a single homogeneous layer of the basic cells. University of western ontario london, on, canada konrad walus and g. This paper demonstrates designing combinational circuits based on quantumdot cellular automata qca nanotechnology, which offers a way to implement logic and all interconnections with only one homogeneous layer of cells. Cellular automata are commonly implemented as software programs.
Quantumdot cellular automata qca is an efficient technology to create computing devices. A novel reconfiguration scheme in quantumdot cellular. Novel ef cient adder circuits for quantumdot cellular automata sayedsalehi et al. Adderssubtractors in quantumdot cellular automata arxiv. As a result, qca dissipates extremely lower power as compared to the cmos technology. The design of efficient logic circuits in qca has received a great. Performance comparison of quantumdot cellular automata adders, proc.
In nanoscale, quantum dot cellular automata qca as a new device architecture is proper for nanometer computer architectures. Vincent college of engineering and technology, nagpur, maharashtra, india1 abstract. Design and analysis of adder and multipliers for quantum dot cellular automata amit kumar sinha assistant professor, ece dept abstract quantum dot cellular automata qca is an emerging nanotechnology, with the potential for faster speed, smaller size, and lower power consumption than transistorbased technology. In some of full adder designs, 3input majority gates were employed 17, 18 however. This paper presents the basics of quantum dot cellular automata. Highperformance full adder architecture in quantumdot cellular. As multipliers are the major computing elements in any arithmetic unit, several designs have emerged to improve performance, decrease area and consume less power.
Aqcacellasquareshape,withfourquantumdotsin which just two electrons can stand at it. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is one of the emerging nanotechnologies, promising an alternative to cmos technology due to a faster speed, smaller size, lower power consumption, higher scale. The cell is used as a building block to construct gates and wires. Qca ripplecarry and bitserial adders require less clocking zones, which have been found to be the main contributing factor toward overall circuit latency. Lent, beth isaksen, and marya lieberman contribution from the center for nano science and technology, department of electrical engineering, and department of chemistry and biochemistry, university of notre dame, notre dame, indiana 46556 received may 10, 2002. Recently reported quantumdot cellular automata qca exclusiveor gate designs are usually made with the andorinverter method in which it is difficult to optimize the xor gate. Adder design using a 5input majority gate in a novel. Qca is a suitable candidate for the next generation of digital systems. Towards coplanar quantumdot cellular automata adders based on. Novel adder circuits based on quantumdot cellular automata qca. On the other hand, quantumdot cellular automata qca can. Quantumdot cellular automata qca technology has attracted attention as one of the best forms of alternative nanoscale cmos technology.
Experimental studies of quantumdot cellular automata devices 3 ways. Novel efcient adder circuits for quantumdot cellular automata. Binary multipliers on quantumdot cellular automata 543 our pipelined array multiplier. The first one is implemented in one layer, and the second one is. Index termsadders, nanocomputing, quantumdot cellular automata qca. Abstract quantumdot cellular automata qca is one of the emerging nanotechnologies, promising. Abstractquantumdot cellular automata qca is an emerging nanotechnology, with the potential for faster speed. Investigations on the reduction of qca primitives majority gates and inverters for various adders are limited, and very few designs exist for reference.
Quantumdot cellular automata qca is an emerging nanotechnology for electronic circuits. Nanoelectronic refer to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components and have very important in computer architecture and nanocommunications. A quantum dot cellular automata qca is an attractive emerging technology suitable for the development of ultradense lowpower high performance digital circuits. It has facilitated the designing of digital circuits with high density and speed. Quantumdot cellular automaton qca is a novel nanotechnology that provides a very different computation platform than traditional cmos, in which polarization of electrons indicates the digital information. An efficient design of dct approximation based on quantum.
This paper proposes a novel design paradigm for circuits designed in quantum dot cellular automata qca technology. This technology provides a possible solution for improving the computation in various computational applications. Performance evaluation of an ultrahigh speed adder based. Adders, majority gate mg, verilog hdl, quantum dot cellular automata qca. Quantum dot cellular automata qca which can work on nanoscale is one of the solutions. Request pdf performance comparison of quantumdot cellular automata adders qca adders are fundamental building blocks of complex qca computational. Novel ef cient adder circuits for quantum dot cellular automata sayedsalehi et al. Research article two novel quantumdot cellular automata. In this way, the adder circuits are widely investigated since their performance can directly affect the. Pdf quantumdot cellular automata adders researchgate. Beyond transistors supported by national science foundation.
New symmetric and planar designs of reversible full adders. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is a new and promising computation paradigm, which can be a viable replacement for the. Experimental studies of quantum dot cellular automata devices. Better adder performance depends on minimizing the carry propagation delay and. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is the imminent transistor less technology, considered at nanolevel with high speed of operation and lower power dissipation features. A novel design for quantumdot cellular automata cells and. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is a new and promising computation paradigm, which can be a viable replacement for the complementary metaloxidesemiconductor technology at nanoscale level. Full adders are the main member of computational systems because other operations can be implemented by adders. Design and verification of majority voter based wallace. The automaton quickly gained popularity and it was first fabricated in 1997. Takala, robust adders based on quantumdot cellular automata, in applicationspecific systems, architectures and processors, 2007. This new technology gives new techniques for the data transmission and data computation 2. Highperformance full adder architecture in quantumdot. Quantum dot cellular automata qca, a potential alternative to cmos, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale.
Roy, simplification of master power expression and. Quantumdot cellular automata has a simple cell as the basic element. Therefore, the switching speed of a qca is limited not by the time it takes for a cell to change. As a replacement for cmos technology, quantum cellular automata was proposed by lent et al. In our analysis, we show that qca ripplecarry adder and bitserial adder designs actually outperform carrylookahead and carryselect adder designs. Experimental studies of quantum dot cellular automata devices 3 ways. Design and analysis of a novel lowpower exclusiveor gate. Lent university of notre dame molecular quantumdot cellular automata qca. Previously reported qca circuits in the literature have generally been designed in a single layer which is the main logical block in which the inverter and majority gate are on the base layer, except for the parts where multilayer wire crossing was used. Performance evaluation of efficient xor structures in. The performance analyses of those circuits are compared according to complexity, area and number of clock cycles and are also compared with previous designs.
Sikdar 2 department of computer science and engineering, national institute of technology, durgapur, india department of computer science and technology, bengal engineering and science university, shibpur, india. Using the fact that the 3input majority gate is a primitive in qca, the book sets out to discover hitherto unknown properties of majority logic in the context of arithmetic circuit designs. A novel design for quantumdot cellular automata cells and full adders mostafa rahimi azghadi, o. Sep 20, 2016 areadelay efficient binary adders in qca quantum dot cellular automation nxfee innovation semiconductors. Quantum dot cellular automata qca is an efficient technology to create computing devices. The dct is considered to be one of the most essential techniques in image and video compression systems, and consequently a number of extensive works had been carried out by researchers on the power optimization.
Introduction the performance and circuit density of ic technology is growing successfully with. Discussed here are the basic paradigm of qca, materials systems in which qca might be constructed, a series of. Areadelay efficient binary adders in qca quantumdot cellular automation nxfee innovation semiconductors. Quantum dot cellular automata in detailed explained. Navi department of electrical and computer engineering, shahid beheshti university, tehran, iran. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is among the most promising nanotechnologies as the substitution for the current metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor based devices. A novel design for quantum dot cellular automata cells and full adders mostafa rahimi azghadi, o. In this paper, the authors have proposed a novel design of xor gate.
Optimization for power is one of the most important design objectives in modern digital image processing applications. This article describes the design of adder units on quantum dot cellular automata qca nanotechnology, which promises very dense circuits and high operating frequencies, using a single homogeneous layer of the basic cells. Areadelay efficient modified majority gate binary adders in. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is a paradigm for lowpower, highspeed, highly dense computing that could be realized in a variety of materials systems. Quantum dot cellular automata qca quantum dot cellular automata qca, rst proposed in by lent et al.
Anderson quantumdot cellular automata qca is currently being investigated. Design of an optimal decimal adder in quantum dot cellular. Quantumdot cellular automata qca, a potential alternative to cmos, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale. Design and evaluation of a new structure for faulttolerance. Quantumdot cellular automata qca is one of the emerging nanotechnologies, promising an alternative to cmos technology due to a faster speed, smaller size, lower power consumption, higher scale integration, and higher switching frequency.
Quantumdot cellular automata qca quantumdot cellular automata qca, rst proposed in by lent et al. Qca is a promising technology which seems to be a good candidate for the next generation of digital systems. While the goal of making the minimal size qca device working at room temperature could be achieved using molecular implementations, the technology to. The comparison of various circuit designs is also given.
Design of arithmetic circuits in quantum dot cellular. Design and analysis of adder and multipliers for quantum. Adders are the logic circuits designed to perform high speed arithmetic operations and are important components in digital systems because of their extensive use in other basic operations such as subtraction, multiplication. Quantum dot cellular automata qca is an emerging nanotechnology for electronic circuits. Quantum dot cellular automata qca is one of the emerging nanotechnologies, promising an alternative to cmos technology due to a faster speed, smaller size, lower power consumption, higher scale. Design and implementation of an efficient single layer five.
Tech, vellore institute of technology university, vellore m. Accordingly, a lowcomplexity and high speed qca onebit full adder is designed by. Design of efficient full adder in quantumdot cellular automata bibhashsen, 1 ayushrajoria, 1 andbiplabk. The performance of the nbit adders was sketched in 19, and more advanced structures. As such it is the basic building block of nanotechnology circuits. Quantum dot cellular automata design tool advance research representation.
Design of baughwooley multiplier in quantumdot cellular. Performance evaluation of efficient xor structures in quantum. This paper presents an efficient single layer fiveinput majority voter. The proposed design requires only about 70% of the hardware compared to previous designs with the same speed and clocking performance.
Comparison of the proposed and several existing full adders is shown in table 2 to illustrate the improved performance of the proposed full adder. The quantumdot cellular automata qca approach represents one of the possible solutions in. Design of first addersubtractor using quantumdot cellular. A quantumdot cellular automata qca is an attractive emerging technology suitable for the development of ultradense lowpower highperformance digital circuits.
This paper demonstrates designing combinational circuits based on quantumdot cellular automata qca nanotechnology, which offers a way to implement logic and all interconnections with. Implementation of 4x4 vedic multiplier using carry save adder. The fundamental logical element of a quantum dot cellular automata qca circuit is majority voter gate mv. The international technology roadmap for semiconductors itrs found many alternatives to overcome these problems. And show that the hybrid adder has better performance in terms of latency in quantumdot cellular automata. New symmetric and planar designs of reversible fulladders. Areadelay efficient modified majority gate binary adders. Two qca full adder architectures are presented and evaluated. Design of a hybrid adder using qca ugc approved journal. Binary adder using more efficient area and time optimized quantumdot. Efficient design of mac hybrid adder in quantumdot cellular. Adders, majority gate mg, verilog hdl, quantumdot cellular automata qca. An optimal quantumdot cellular automata qca design for full adder fa based on an optimal threeinput exclusiveor xor gate is presented. We construct pipelined structures without the earlier noise problems, avoided by careful clocking organization, and the modular layouts are verified with the.
The fundamental device, a quantumdot cell, can be used to make gates, wires, and memories. The most important mathematical operation is addition. The quantum cellular automata is the basis for computing nanotechnology based designs. This xor structure utilises a new configuration of cells unlike traditional gatelevel approaches. Performance comparison of quantumdot cellular automata adders. The qca cells are based on cells of coupled quantum dots that are featured at nanometer scale. Design and evaluation of a new structure for fault. Therefore, lots of attention have been paid to different aspects to improve the efficiency of qca circuits.
Performance evaluation of controlled inverter using. We construct pipelined structures without the earlier noise problems, avoided by careful clocking organization, and the modular layouts are verified with the qcadesigner. Quantumdot cellular automata qca, which is a candidate technology to replace cmos. Efficient design of mac hybrid adder in quantumdot.
Design of an ultraefficient reversible full addersubtractor. Accordingly, a lowcomplexity and highspeed qca onebit full adder is designed by. Adders are fundamental circuits for most digital systems. Adder subtractor is a useful component for the design of many computation systems and functional circuits. On the other hand, quantum dot cellular automata qca can. Design of efficient full adder in quantumdot cellular automata. Adder and multiplier design and analysis in quantumdot. Performance comparison of quantumdot cellular automata adders, in circuits and systems, 2005.
To demonstrate performance of proposed designs, we compare them with irreversible designs in table vi. The simulations in the present work have been carried out us. Quantum dot cellular automata qca is an emerging nanotechnology that provides faster speed, smaller size and lower power consumption compared to the current transistorbased technology. Design and implementation of carry look ahead adder in. Binary adder using more efficient area and time optimized quantum dot cellular automata g. Research article design of efficient full adder in quantum. Qca adders are fundamental building blocks of complex qca computational units. Bcd adder, quantum dot cellular automata, majority gate, wire crossover, qca cost function. Performance evaluation of efficient xor structures in quantumdot cellular automata qca mohammad rafiq beigh, mohammad mustafa, firdous ahmad. Areadelay efficient binary adders in qca quantumdot. Jullien, performance comparison of quantumdot cellular automata adders, in 2005 ieee international symposium on circuits and systems, 2005, pp. Afterwards, by feeding the inputs and cout to a veinput majority gate, sumsignal is produced.
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